Prep: If using dried chickpeas, soak overnight and cook until tender; drain and set aside. Cube potatoes uniformly (1–1.5") so they cook evenly. Measure spices into a small bowl for quick use.
(Optional) Brown the potatoes: Heat 1 tbsp oil in a heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add potato cubes and a pinch of salt. Sauté until golden on the edges (6–8 minutes). Remove and set aside. This adds extra flavor and texture.
Sauté aromatics: Lower heat to medium. Add remaining oil. Add diced onion and a pinch of salt; sauté until soft and beginning to caramelize (6–8 minutes). Add minced garlic and grated ginger; cook 1–2 minutes until fragrant.
Bloom the spices: Stir in ground coriander, cumin, turmeric, and chili powder (and pinch of asafoetida if using). Toast the spices for 30–45 seconds, stirring constantly, until aromatic. Add a splash of water if the pan looks dry to prevent burning.
Add tomatoes: Pour in crushed tomatoes (or chopped fresh tomatoes). Cook 5–7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the mixture reduces slightly and the raw tomato smell disappears.
Simmer: Return browned potatoes (if you browned them) to the pot. Add chickpeas and 1 cup water or vegetable broth. Stir, bring to a gentle simmer, then reduce heat to medium-low. Cover and cook 15–25 minutes, until potatoes are tender and the flavors meld. Stir occasionally and add more liquid if the curry becomes too thick.
Adjust texture (optional): For a thicker, creamier sauce, remove about 1 cup of chickpeas or sauce, mash it with a fork, and stir it back into the pot. For a smoother sauce, use an immersion blender for a few pulses (leave some texture).
Finish: Stir in coconut milk or tempered yogurt (if using yogurt, whisk a little hot sauce into the yogurt first to prevent curdling). Add garam masala, black pepper, and adjust salt. Simmer gently 2–3 minutes to combine. Turn off heat and stir in lemon juice and chopped cilantro.
Serve: Plate immediately with steamed rice, jeera rice, warm naan/roti, or a cooling raita. Garnish with extra cilantro, sliced green chilies, or a drizzle of ghee if desired.