Boil the eggs: Place eggs in a pot, cover with cold water by 1", add 1 tsp salt and a splash of vinegar. Bring to a gentle boil, then simmer 10 minutes.
Ice bath: Transfer eggs to ice water for 10 minutes; peel under running water.
Roast garlic: In a small skillet over medium heat, dry-roast garlic cloves until golden (3–4 minutes). Let cool and mince.
Prepare yolk filling: Halve eggs; scoop yolks into a bowl. Mash through a fine sieve or fork until smooth.
Mix filling: Stir in mayonnaise, Dijon mustard, rice vinegar, roasted garlic, chili paste, smoked paprika, cayenne, sesame oil, and half the cilantro. Season with salt and pepper; adjust heat.
Assemble eggs: Pipe or spoon filling into each egg white half.
Garnish: Top with diced red chili, cilantro leaves, and a light dusting of smoked paprika or chili powder.