Marinate the Beef: In a bowl, whisk yogurt, ginger‑garlic paste, chili powder, turmeric, coriander, garam masala, salt, lemon juice and green chilies. Add beef, coat well, cover, and refrigerate at least 2 hours (ideally overnight).
Parboil Rice: Bring 6 cups water to boil with cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, bay leaf, and salt. Add drained rice, cook 5–6 minutes until 70% done, drain, and set aside.
Prepare Base: Heat ghee in a heavy pot. Sauté cumin seeds and curry leaves until fragrant. Add onions, cook until deep golden; reserve half for garnish. Stir in ginger‑garlic paste for 1 minute. Add tomatoes, cook until oil separates.
Cook Beef: Add marinated beef, stir, cover, and simmer 15–20 minutes until beef is browned and partially cooked.
Layer Biryani: Sprinkle half the mint and coriander. Layer half the rice, drizzle half the saffron milk and kewra/rose water. Repeat herbs, rice, and liquids. Top with reserved fried onions.
Dum (Steam) Cooking: Seal pot rim with foil, cover tightly. Cook on high heat 5 minutes, then reduce to lowest heat for 25–30 minutes. Turn off heat; rest 10 minutes without opening.
Serve: Gently fluff layers, plate, and garnish with extra herbs and lemon wedges.